Our civilization differs markedly from its predecessor The civilization of the 19th century, which continued through the first half of the 20th, was essentially an urban civilization, founded on the characteristics of the city

The view of reality as made up of separate and competing entities reinforces, or perhaps creates, the view that power means strong defenses, invulnerability, inflexibility, in short, domination Power consists of separate entities struggling amongst one another for strength, control, superiority and their separate interests

The most important and historical decisions about Justice in Rome 4 November The Council of Europe took very important step to implement in every Country of the European Union reforms of legislation assuring the Court - impartiality - independence - and the first time concept of free assistance This principle was implemented in all national E

a) Vested interests Is possible for citizens to combat corruption to individual and systematic levels Actually is very difficult, including exposing oneself to personal and serious risks

Can be at three levels: • Country or society level, which essentially requires the emphasis given by the National Integrity Systems processBut there are useful overlaps of course

As already indicated, the role of law as a means of controlling behavior is very limited It is a weapon in the state’s normative armory but it is rarely the strongest and in some areas it is totally ineffective

The first requirement is to remember the critical role of the legislature in the integrity system The essential insight of ‘ethics regimes’ and ‘integrity systems’ is that no single institution can provide the answer and that each must support the other

One of the temptations of all government is to restrict Freedom of Information It sometimes seems that the strongest Freedom of information legislation is always the first Act, introduced by a reformist government before it has secrets to hide

All laws need to be interpreted, and ambiguities and uncertainties are inevitable There are two ways of dealing with this

1 ORGANIZED CRIME: An approach Characterizing the basically the organized crime is easy because, among the specialists of the matter, there are unanimity